12^th International Conference on Childhood Obesity and Nutrition March 18-19, 2019 Rome, Italy

Biography:

Fatemeh Abdollahi has completed her PhD from University Putra Malaysia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences. She is the Faculty member and Researcher in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. She is Head of Public Health Department and Director of Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction institute in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. She has published more than 30 papers in index journals on the Maternal and Child Health.

Abstract:

Both intimate partner violence (IPV) and childhood obesity are growing public health epidemic. The role of adverse psychological exposures of IPV on obesity risk in children is poorly investigated. This study examine the impact of IPV on obesity risk in one year children.The present study investigate body mass index of 550 one year children whose mothers referring urban and rural areas’ primary health care centers in Qonbad Kavos city and answered to World Health Organization IPV questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and socio-economic, obstetrics and demographic characteristics related questions. BMI Z-Score is categorized in three grade: normal (1≤z<-2), over weight (1≤z<2), obese (≥2). The prevalence of obesity/overweight is reported. Data is analyzed using logistic regression models and munn-whitney to determine the association between IPV and obesity, stunting and wasting. At about 7.8% of children was overweight/obese according to BMI Z-Score. Moreover, a small number of children was found to be wasting and stunting (0.7% and 1.8% respectively).The prevalenc of physical, emotional and sexual IPV were 4.7%, 97.9% and 2.6% respectively. After adjusting for a rang of charactristics, there was found no significant diference between BMI Z-Score, stunting and wasting in children in two groups of women exposed to IPV and not. The prevalence of obesity/overweight, stunting and wasting in this group of children was low. Considering high prevalence of IPV, more attention is need to follow up this group of women to prevent subsequent consequences.

Biography:

Cigdem Bozkir has completed her PhD from Inonu University, Turkey and now she is the Assistant Professor of Namık Kemal University, Turkey. She has publications on nutrition and public health. She has participated as a speaker in many training sessions on nutrition, obesity, diabetes and other chronic diseases.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Anemia and obesity are defined as a public health problem by World Health Organization (WHO). It is reported that obesity and iron deficiency are related to each other. A multifactorial etiology has been reported, including decreased bioavailability of iron, its association with body weight and reduced iron absorption due to excessive adipose tissue. It has been reported that increased adipose tissue causes iron deficiency by decreasing iron absorption in women and children. The aims of this research are: detecting to prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on overweight and obese women and on the effect of IDA on dietary treatment.

Methodology: The research group consisted of overweight (Body Mass Index (BMI)=25-29.9 kg/m²) and obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) who applied to Malatya Public Health Directorate Wellness Center. Overweight and obese women who accept to participate in the study were given medical nutrition (diet) treatment. The study group was followed up for 3 months within the scope of diet therapy program.

Findings: The prevalence of IDA was 61.7% in obese women and 38.3% in overweight women. It was observed that the frequency of IDA increased as the BMI level increased but the difference was not statistically significant. The total weight loss of women was examined as percentage, it was determined that those without anemia lost 13.68% of their body weight and 11.96% of those with anemia (p<0.05).

Conclusion & Significance: IDA was determined in 29.2% of women. At the end of 3 months, it was observed that the weight percentages of those without anemia were higher. IDA is thought to slow down the weight loss process due to its possible effects on metabolism. Therefore, the treatment of obesity and the lack of micronutrients such as anemia require a holistic approach.

Biography:

Mahesh Borhade MC, CHCQM-PHYADV is an American Board of Internal Medicine certified and certified by American Board of Quality Assurance & Utilization Review Physicians in Healthcare Quality & Management. He serves as a Medical Director at Person Memorial Hospital, Medical Director at Extended Care Unit a Nursing Home and as a Director for Utilization Review for Person Memorial Hospital, Roxboro NC, USA. He has extensive experience in acute inpatient and outpatient medical care for geriatric population with chronic medical comorbidities. He has been actively working in academics and research activities.  He serves as a scientific reviewer, editorial member, expert panel for population studies projects. He has worked as an Organizing Committee for international conferences before. His areas of interests are Endocrinology, Hypertension, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, Public Health and Healthcare Quality and Management.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus leads to macro vascular and micro vascular complications, resulting in life-threatening conditions. Exercise is considered an important therapeutic regimen for diabetes mellitus. Exercise in diabetic patients promotes cardiovascular benefits by reducing cardiovascular risk and mortality, assists with weight management, and it improves glycemic control. The increased tissue sensitivity to insulin produces a beneficial effect on glycemic control. Maintenance of the exercise program in patients with type 2 diabetes is an important goal because it is associated with long-term cardiovascular benefits and reduced mortality.

Inter- professional team approach is crucial for Long term compliance of patients for exercise regimen. Primary care physicians and nursing professional, diabetes educators caring for patients play an important role in educating these patients of the importance of exercise regimen as a therapeutic option for the disease management. There have been studies which suggested simple behavioral counseling by clinicians and nurse educators during routine clinic visits gave encouraging results for increasing compliance, although long-term follow-up is needed. Exercise regimens are difficult to maintain for more than 3 months due to intense nature of the programs requiring extra visits for special classes. In a 10-year study of 255 patients with diabetes enrolled in a diabetes education program emphasizing exercise, the rate of compliance fell from 80% for 6 weeks to less than 50% for 3 months. The compliance rate further dropped to less than 20% at 1 year. A coordinated inter professional approach with educators working with clinicians will help to maximize compliance.

Biography:

Fatemeh Abdollahi has completed her PhD from University Putra Malaysia School of Medicine and Health Sciences. She is the Faculty Member and Researcher in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. She is Head of Public Health Department and Director of Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. She has published more than 30 papers in index journals on the Maternal and Child Health.

Abstract:

Nutrition has an important role in restore women’ health during postnatal period. Much of the woman's behavior during theis period including nutritional practice is strongly influenced by her cultural background. This study was conducted to determine the traditional nutritional practices (TNP) among the postnatal women in Gonbad Kavous city, Northern Iran. In a descriptive study, the data was collected from 305 women between Aug to Oct 2014. Women attending primary health centers in rural and urban areas were recruited using randomized sampling method. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and TNP during postnatal period was administrated to the sample. Yes and no answers were summed up to calculate the total score ranging from 0 to 8. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and chi-square test. The total number of traditional practices ranged from 2 to 8 with the mean being 6.46±1.42. Majority of the women have eaten plenty of hot drink (95.1%), have avoided eating spicy food (87.2%), have eaten plenty of sweaty fatty food (85.6%), have avoided eating some of smelly food such as onion and garlic (84.3%), have eaten yellow oil (Sari Yagh) (83.6%), have eaten red sugar (Ghezel Shekar) (76.1%), have eaten Bulmagh (Oil+ Suger+Rice powder) (73.1%) and have avoided eating red meat (61.3%). There was no significant difference between TNP and socio-demographic characteristics. TNP was quite high among postnatal women in this study. As information on safety of these practices is limited, health care practitioner should be aware of such practices and asked mothers about it.

Biography:

Nilly Shams has completed her PhD from High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University and Nutrition and Public Health Masters Alexandria University School of Medicine. She is the Vice President of Clinical Nutrition Departmrnt Elite Hospital. She is the President of the Egyptian Nutrrition and Health Coaching Association. She had her Health Coaching Certificate from Institute of Integrative Nutrition, USA.

Abstract:

The optimal management of overweight and obesity starts with a combination of diet, exercise, and behavioral modification. Behavioral treatment of obesity is a standard part of most treatment programs. The goal of this approach is to help patients make long-term changes in their eating behavior. A principal determinant of weight loss appears to be the degree of adherence to the program. Thus, patient preference is an important consideration when recommending any behavioral weight loss program. Let's close the loop and apply behavioral modification for long term maintenance of weight loss.

Objectives:

• What are the current interventions for obesity management and are they enough for long term maintenance of weight loss?

• What is the role of behavioral modification in obesity management?

• What are the elements of behavioral strategies to achieve weight loss and maintaining lost weight?

( Review and Efficacy)

• Commercial weight loss programs, why do they work?

• Health Coaching: implication of behavioral modification in nutrition practice.

Biography:

Fatemeh Abdollahi has completed her PhD from University Putra Malaysia School of Medicine and Health Sciences. She is the Faculty Member and Researcher in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. She is Head of Public Health Department and Director of Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. She has published more than 30 papers in index journals on the Maternal and Child Health.

Abstract:

There is evidence of the harmful effects of post-partum depression (PPD) on children's health in developed nations. There is no long-term follow-up study on this relationship in a developing nation. This study aimd to investigate the health problems of four-year-old children born from post-partum depressed women. In a longitudinal study design (2009), 1,801 pregnant women attending primary health centers of Mazandaran province provided self-reports of depression from two to twelve postpartum weeks using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Approximately four years later, the women experiencing PPD and twice as the ones who did not experienced this state were considered as case (N=204) and control (N=467) groups. The association between maternal depression at different times and health problems reported on the child were analyzed using two sample t-test, and chi-square test. There was no significant difference between the baseline characteristics of post-partum depressed and non-depressed women. The women with post-partum depression only or both depression post-partum and four years after delivery were less likely breast feed their baby compared with the ones without depression (18.79±6.99, 18.01±7.75 and 19.66±5.64, 19.58±5.82 months respectively). The women with PPD only and current depression as well as both PPD and current depression had more likely child with acute and chronic diseases and their child used more daily medication four years after birth than the baby of depressive symptoms free women. These complications rate was highly significant in the children whose mothers have experienced both PPD and current depression. These results highlight this fact that early and late exposure to maternal depression led to children with more difficulties. Screening of maternal depression early after giving birth is recommended.

Biography:

Gabriele Carullo has his expertise in green chemistry and development of hybrid compounds for the development of interesting pharmacological tools. In particular, he is developing new polyphenols-fatty acids hybrids as new GPR40/GPR120 ligands in order to treat type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities. In addition, he works on the development of new antihypertensive agents starting from flavonoids as a surge of KCa1.1 and Cav1.2 channel modulators. His pharmacological research is also devoted to the production of new functional foods, for the treatment of hypertension and diabetes, starting from food wastes.

Abstract:

Free Fatty Acid Receptors, belonging to GPCRs family, are emerging as new targets to treat diabetes or related disorders, representing a versatile family of receptors, activated by fatty acids contained in vegetable oils. In this context, extra-virgin olive oil is a “natural anti-diabetic agent”, favoring GLP-1 secretion from pancreas. Its principal component, olive oil is the endogenous ligand of FFAR1/GPR40. This receptor is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells, where its activation promotes insulin secretion. Starting from oleic acid, which is able to promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at lipo-toxic doses, new hybrid derivatives of oleic acid with quercetin were designed and synthesized. 2-(2,2-diphenylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl oleate (AV1) was synthesized in order to prevent C3-OH auto-oxidation of quercetin and obtained in good yield. Docking simulations demonstrated that AV1 could be accommodated within the long transmembrane crevice of the receptor. These data suggested for the first time that this binding site could recognize exogenous ligands. AV1 was able to evocate insulin release (EC50=5μM) by both pancreatic islets and in vitro β-cells system (INS-1 832- 13). Furthermore, Quercetin-3-oleate (AV2) was synthesized through a green synthesis and was able to favor GSIS at higher concentrations than AV1 (EC50=21μM). Functional assays, conducted by using DC260126 as known antagonist, demonstrated that AV1 is a full GPR40 agonist, whilst AV2 is a partial agonist. AV2 was also assayed for its wound healing properties in HaCaT cell line (stably expressing GPR40). AV2 was able to promote wound healing at very low concentration (10 nM), enhancing the production of TGF-β. Moreover, in THP-1 monocytes, AV2 was able to promote IL-6 production, not affecting IL-1β or TNF-α. These data confirmed that AV2 could be used as a suitable tool in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, limiting lipotoxicity due to excessive GPR40 activation and especially in diabetic foot ulcer.

Biography:

Klancic T has completed her BSc in Scotland, she pursued her MSc in Nutrition and Biomedicine in Germany. In 2015 she joined Dr. Reimer’s laboratory in Calgary, where she is currently completing her PhD in Nutrition, Metabolism and Genetics. Her goal is to become an expert in the application of nutrition and metabolism to obesity, and conduct research on novel methods of improving maternal and child metabolic health.

Abstract:

Background: Early life exposure to antibiotics increases risk of obesity. Prebiotics improve metabolic health and reduce fat mass. Our aim was to examine if early postnatal prebiotic supplementation when co-administered with antibiotic can reduce obesity risk in metabolically challenged offspring.

Methods: 10 week old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=20) were mated and their pups were cross-fostered when 19 days old. Dams with their litters were randomized to: 1)control [C], 2)antibiotic [A] (azithromycin; dose 10mg/kg/day), 3)prebiotic [P] (10% oligofructose (OFS) oral suspension/diet), 4)antibiotic+prebiotic [A+P] and 5)lean conrol [LC]. The first pulse of antibiotics/prebiotics was administered before weaning from d19-21 of life through a feeding dropper. Animals were weaned onto a high fat high sugar diet (HFS), with prebiotic groups (P and AP) containing 10% OFS in their diet. Prebiotic groups remained on the diet until the last pulse of antibiotics. The second and third pulse of antibiotic were given d29-31 and d38-40, respectively. Body weight was assessed weekly, fecal samples were collected repeatedly and tissues and blood were collected at sacrifice (wk7 and wk10). Insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed wk9 of life.

Results: Males and females given antibiotics(A) had higher body weight than any other group; in females (A) higher fasting glucose, insulin and leptin was detected after the third pulse of antibiotics (wk7) when compared to P and AP group and ITT revealed insulin resistance compared to other groups. Similarly, males were insulin resistant compared to P and AP groups, with higher fasting insulin levels. Calculation of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) confirmed insulin resistance in males and females. Longitudinal microbiota and hypothalamic/hepatic gene expression analysis is ongoing.

Conclusion: Therapeutic doses of antibiotic administered to rats mirrored the concentration commonly used for human children for an acute infection. Antibiotics increased body weights, impaired insulin production and insulin sensitivity, but the effects were reversed with prebiotic co-administration.

Biography:

Marie Gombert has completed her Bachelor degree in Biochemistry from the University of La Rochelle (France) and a Master degree in Digestive Health and Nutrition from the University of Toulouse, France. She is currently studying childhood obesity, in particular the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism, during her PhD in the laboratory of pediatrics of the University of Valencia, Spain. She is co-author of three reviews related to the topic of her PhD.

Abstract:

Introduction: Low grade inflammation is one of the main characteristic associated to obesity, and participates to the development of numerous comorbidities. The gut microbiota has been evidenced to interact with the host metabolic and inflammatory condition. We investigated the effect of an alimentary supplementation of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 on different elements of obese children health: gut microbiota global composition, inflammatory cytokines and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods: The study included 48 obese children with insulin resistance. They received dietary recommendations and a capsule of probiotic (10 CFU) or placebo daily for 13 weeks. Clinical, biochemical and gut microbiome measurement were made at baseline and at the end of the intervention.

Results: All children displayed body mass index (BMI) improvement consecutive to the intervention. Probiotic intake impacted gut microbiota, increasing the proportion of Rikenellaceae family, particularly the Alistipes genus. Regarding metabolic and inflammatory parameters, the children who received the probiotic displayed significant decrease in circulating high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P=0.026), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P=0.032) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.035) and omentin-1 (P=0.023) in comparison with the children who received the placebo.

Conclusion: The positive impact of the intervention on the BMI of all children reveals the benefits provided by the dietary changes. By complementing this intervention with the intake of B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765, a modification of the gut microbiota has been obtained, with an increase of bacterial groups associated to lean phenotypes. In parallel, those children displayed a greater improvement on inflammatory status and metabolic health. Our results suggest that modulation of gut microbiota with probiotic to be an effective tool to ameliorate obesity-related alterations in children.

Biography:

Martin-Carbonell V is currently pursuing her PhD in Physiology from University of Valencia. She has completed University degree of Nutrition from Valencia University and Master degree in Pediatric Nutrition from Granada University. She has received best abstract in the International Health Days, Granada 2017. Title “Libro de Résumenes-Book of abstracts I Jornadas Internacionales de Actualización del Conocimiento Ciencias de la Salud” ISBN: 978-84-15450-26-9. She got her abstract certificate for Shorter sleep associated with higher energy intake-Preobe study in 9TM Biannual Early nutrition Project Meeting, Granada, May 2016. She has volunteered in the 42^nd Annual Conference of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Valencia in 2016.

Abstract:

Introduction: Circadian rhythms are the changes in biological processes occurring on a daily base, among them, the reactions involved in the metabolic homeostasis. Melatonin is the main circadian hormone, with increased levels at night. Impairment in circadian rhythms is evidenced by altered melatonin expression, and in adult age, this condition is associated to metabolic dysregulations.

Methods: One group of obese children and a control group were constituted based on their BMI percentile for age and sex. The variations of the main circadian hormone, melatonin are assessed in saliva by immunoassay. Blood sample is collected for basal biochemistry, complemented with leptin and omentin quantification by immunoassay with Luminex technology. Life habits are assessed by self-reported questionnaires. Preliminary results on 14 patients (7 obese and 7 controls).

Results: The children from the obese group displayed poorer metabolic characteristic and increased inflammation markers: C-reactive protein, Gamma-glutamayl transferase, albumin are altered. In the control group, melatonin in saliva increased during the evening (+20.46±16.1), whereas in the obese group, the melatonin profile was altered and globally decreased (-3.05±28.4).

Conclusion: In conclusion obesity seems to be associated with circadian rhythm impairment even at a young age. The continuation of this study, in association with other studies investigating circadian rhythms and health during childhood will facilitate the development of life habits prevention campaigns, adapted to the children physiology and development.

Biography:

Gerald C. Hsu received an honorable PhD in mathematics and majored in engineering at MIT.  He attended different universities over 17 years and studied seven academic disciplines.  He has spent 20,000 hours in T2D research.  First, he studied six metabolic diseases and food nutrition during 2010-2013, then conducted research during 2014-2018.  His approach is “math-physics and quantitative medicine” based on mathematics, physics, engineering modeling, signal processing, computer science, big data analytics, statistics, machine learning, and AI. His main focus is on preventive medicine using prediction tools.  He believes that the better the prediction, the more control you have.

Abstract:

Introduction:

Since 1997, the author has been diagnosed with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and suffered five cardiac episodes.  He spent 20,000 hours since 2010 to study and research his chronic diseases in order to save his own life.  This abstract tells his story.

Method:

He created a math-physical medicine approach, instead of using the traditional biochemical method, to conduct his research.  Initially, he defined inter-relationships among 11 categories and 500 elements of a human metabolism system.  He collected and processed 1.5 million data of his lifestyle details and medical conditions.  Furthermore, utilizing physics, mathematics, engineering modeling, and artificial intelligence (AI), he developed four prediction models with 99% accuracy, including weight, fasting plasma glucose, post prandial glucose, and hemoglobin A1C.  Finally, he developed a risk probability calculation model of having heart attack or stroke.

Results:

From the period of 2013-2018, he has reduced his weight from 220 lbs. to 167 lbs., waistline from 44” to 32”, and BMI from 33.1 (obese) to 24.7 (normal).  Based on his acquired knowledge, he developed AI-based prediction tools to reduce his average glucose value from 279 mg/dL to 116 mg/dL, A1C from 10% to 6.5%.  Since 2016, his hypertension and hyperlipidemia are no longer health concerns along with dropping his cardiovascular risk from 74% to 31%.

Conclusion:

Over eight years, the author was able to control his weight and T2D along with greatly reducing his cardiovascular risk.  In addition to his willpower and persistence, his diligence in acquiring medical knowledge from reading hundreds of textbooks and medical papers has assisted him.  More importantly, his knowledge from other disciplines in mathematics, physics, engineering, statistics, computer science, and technology have provided him the necessary tools.

Biography:

Dr. Burd is Founder & CEO of Lysulin, Inc, and has launched an all-natural, scientifically proven nutraceutical product proven to improve the health of people with diabetes. Dr. Burd was also the cofounder of Sabur Technology, Inc., developing a new non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring technology.  Prior to Sabur, Dr. Burd was a General Partner of Windamere Venture Partners.  Dr. Burd was previously President & CEO of DexCom, now the leader in continuing glucose monitoring for people with diabetes.  Dr. Burd has authored over 40 publications and holds 35 patents.  He graduated from Purdue University with a B.S. in Biochemistry, and earned an M.S. and Ph.D., also in Biochemistry, from the University of Wisconsin.  In 2010 Dr. Burd was inducted into the American Association of Clinical Chemistry Hall of Fame and received the Ullman Prize for innovation in clinical chemistry.

Abstract:

Glucose toxicity is an epidemic problem leading to the insulin resistance and the development of obesity, pre-diabetes and Type 2 diabetes in both children and adults.  In addition to poor health and early death, this is costing our healthcare systems a fortune to treat diabetes and its complications. Glucose is not a passive bystander in our bloodstream but is a toxic and reactive compound.  Glucose reacts with all of the proteins in our body forming GLYCATED PROTEINS.  These glycated proteins progress to become what is known as ADVANCED GLYCATION ENDPRODUCTS or AGEs.  These AGEs are known to be the culprits in the disease complications associated with diabetes including kidney failure, blindness, amputations and cardiovascular disease.  Protein glycation is also be the cause of insulin resistance.  Insulin resistance not only leads to high blood glucose levels in our bloodstream, but also leads to insulin depletion. When this happens, we may have to resort to injection of insulin in an attempt to keep our blood glucose levels in the normal range. There is now an all-natural solution to the glucose toxicity problem.  In over 20 years of R&D and clinical studies, nutritional supplements have been proven to combat glucose toxicity. Three important supplements having this ability are the LYSINE, ZINC and VITAMIN C.  Combining these three important supplements into one tablet makes a powerful weapon to combat glucose toxicity and protein glycation.  This weapon is Lysulin®.  Unlike the available prescription drugs for type 2 diabetes which are directed at the symptoms of diabetes (high blood glucose), Lysulin is the first product directed at the problem, which is glucose toxicity and protein glycation.  Clinical studies have proven that Lysulin lowers HbA1c better than the vast majority of prescription drugs. Current therapy for type 2 diabetes and the history of studies proving the effectiveness of Lysulin will be presented along with recent data from double blind placebo controlled studies with Lysulin.

Biography:

Aigerim Seidinova is a researcher and doctoral student (PhD). She is interested in the field of metabolism and diabetology, and also loves to use new modern innovative technologies in her research work. This research is a personal initiative of the author and started in 2017 in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. This time work is completed; various parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin pump therapy have been investigated.

Abstract:

Background: Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of all types of diabetes [1]. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that often exacerbates lipid metabolism, affects weight. Several studies have been devoted to the study of body mass index (BMI) in people with diabetes on a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) [2, 3, 4]. Extremely little has been studied about the lipid changes in patients with diabetes on the CSII. Thus, people with type 2 diabetes need more detailed research on (CSII) [5].

The purpose: To study lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes on a CSII and MDI.

Materials and methods: In this research work, lipid data (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL) were compared in patients with type 2 diabetes who were on CSII (n = 105) and MDI (n = 105). All patients were divided into subgroups by age (45-50; 51-55; 56-65 years); on the duration of the disease (5-10 years; 11-15 years; 16 years and above) and on gender differences (men and women).

Results: Comparative analysis showed high statistical confidence between the average cholesterol levels of the studied groups at the level of p ≤ 0.001. Similarly, it was with HDL, at the level of p ≤ 0.001. When comparing only in women, LDL was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Comparison of the average values of triglycerides by sex, age, duration of the disease was not found a significant statistical significance (p> 0.05).

Conclusion: The method of treatment of CSII influenced the level of lipids, in patients cholesterol was lower compared to the MDI. However, CSII did not affect triglycerides, only in female.

Biography:

Amal Al-Hajje has her expertise in research and teaching in Lebanese University since 2005. She has many publications after years of experience in clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, pharmaco-epidemiology, and hospital pharmacy. She is a member of the Pharmacy Lebanese Colloquium Comity since 2006 , a member of the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists since 1999, a member of the Clinical Pharmacy department team- Lebanese University since 2006, and a member of Clinical Research and Pharmaco-epidemiology team- Lebanese University – Faculty of pharmacy

Abstract:

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major global public health problem and lack of adherence to medication causes suboptimal glycemic control increasing complication rates, costs and mortality. The objective of this study was to validate the Diabetes Medication Adherence Scale (DMAS-7) developed to evaluate the adherence to oral anti-diabetics in Lebanon, determine its’ concordance with another validated scales and to assess adherence rates and factors.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of Lebanese diabetic patients selected from private and hospital clinics located mainly in Beirut, Lebanon. Data was collected from adults aged above 18 years, diagnosed by type 2 diabetes and taking an oral anti- diabetic for at least 6 months using a questionnaire. The level of adherence was measured using the DMAS-7 and the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale (LMAS-14). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted, and the scale was validated in terms of reliability, predictive ability, and construct validity using SPSS version 19.

Results: Out of 300 eligible patients, the rate of adherence was only 33.7% using DMAS-7. This suboptimal adherence level was significantly associated to many factors including monthly medication cost, diet follow-up, HbA1c, postponing doctors’ visits, feeling of treatment burden and inefficacy, number of medications per day, etc. Other measures of validity showed good reliability shown by Cronbach alpha= 0.627, good predictive value measured by the area under the ROC curve= 0.675 (p-value <0.001), good construct validity with LMAS-14 scale (Spearman’s rho = 0.846; Cohen’s kappa = 0.711). DMAS-7 and LMAS-14 were correlated (ICC average measure = 0.675; p-value <0.001) which shows a good concordance and increases the validity of the DMAS-7. Logistic regression revealed that having an optimal glycated hemoglobin Hb1Ac percentage (OR= 0.779; 95% CI= 0.671-0.903; p=0.001), performing regular physical activity (OR 2.328; 95% CI= 1.347- 4.02; p= 0.002) and following diet program (OR 3.294; 95% CI 1.483- 7.319; p= 0.003) significantly increased medication adherence. However, postponing doctors’ visit (OR 0.453; 95% CI 0.209-0.985) was significantly associated with poor adherence. The DMAS score was found to be a significant predictor of HbA1c control (p-value< 0.05) where an increase of patients’ adherence to his oral anti-diabetics calculated by DMAS results in a 2 fold higher probability that the HbA1c becomes controlled (OR= 2.006).

Conclusion: The DMAS-7 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing adherence to medications that can be used in order to assess adherence and help achieve better glycemic outcomes.

Biography:

Edna Gamboa-Delgado has her expertise in Nutritional Epidemiology. She is a Nutritionist and Dietitian and has completed her Master in Epidemiology, PhD in Science in Population Nutrition. She is an Associate Researcher (Colombian´s research classification system- Colciencias). Her areas of interest lies in: research in childhood obesity, nutrition and public health, chronic diseases and diet, nutrition education interventions, nutritional epidemiology, design, implementation, monitoring and assessment of food and nutrition programs. In recent years she has been developing a research line on Childhood Obesity, its associated factors and interventions for its control. Currently she is working as an Associate Professor at Nutrition School of Universidad Industrial de Santander in Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Different parental feeding practices or not may favor healthy eating behaviors in children. Some of these practices could increase the risk of childhood obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the association between parental feeding practices and childhood obesity in less fortunate children.

Methodology: Analytical cross sectional in preschool children and their parents (n=384), beneficiaries of government programs of the Colombian Family Welfare Institute aimed at economically, socially and nutritionally vulnerable population. A 55-item Parental Feeding Practices Questionnaire, validated in Latino parents was used (response options ranged from never (=1) to always (=5)). The sample was chosen by simple random sample from the total number of Child Development Centers of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Models of binomial regression were used.

Findings: The average of parent’s age was 33.47 years±10.96. The 52.59% of participants belonged to low socio economic status. The overweight or obesity prevalence was 4.83% (CI 95% 2.78; 7.73). The most common parental feeding practices were encourage/compliment healthy eating (median: 4.1) and ask child what he/she ate (Median: 4.0), both belonging to positive involvement in child eating dimension, followed by tell child to eat all food on plate (median: 3.57) of pressure to eat dimension. The children whose parents ask them what he/she ate, have less probability of present childhood obesity (RR: 0.68, CI 95%: 0.44; 0.96, p=0.043), while children whose parents use food as reward have almost two times more probability of develop childhood obesity (RR: 1.86, CI: 1.15; 3.01; p=0.011).

Conclusion & Significance: This study provides evidence that some parental feeding practices are associated with childhood obesity in Colombian vulnerable children. These findings are important for the design, implementation and evaluation of nutrition education programs focused on parents.

Biography:

Akie Sato has completed her PhD in Nutrition from Seitoku University. She currently works as a Teaching Assistant at the Department of Human Nutrition, Seitoku University.

Abstract:

We examined the effects of the ingestion during pregnancy and lactation of a high-fat diet, a low-calcium diet,  and Lactobacillus paracasei NFRI 7415 (LAB) on the health of murine dams and infants. Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, we divided 15 pregnant 9-wk-old mice into three equal groups receiving the control diet, a high-fat diet (HD), or an HD+LAB (HDL) diet during the pregnancy and lactation period. Within 24 hr of birth, the litters were culled to 10 pups each and nursed by their dams until weaning. After weaning, the liver T-cho concentration in the HDL group of pups was significantly lower than that of the HD group (p<0.05), suggesting that intake of Lb. paracasei has a positive effect on infant helth. In experiment 2, we divided 20 pregnant 9-wk-old mice into four equal groups receiving the control diet (C), a low-calcium diet (- Ca), a C+LAB (CL) diet, or a -Ca+LAB (-CaL) diet during the pregnancy and lactation period. Within 24 hr of birth, the litters were culled to 10 pups each and nursed by their dams until weaning. After weaning, the dams’ body weights and the dietary intake in the C and the CL groups were significantly higher than those of  the -Ca and -CaL groups (p<0.05). The bone mass of the CL group dams was increased compared to those in the other groups. We speculate that the absorption of calcium by Lb. paracasei NFRI 7415 may be enhanced by a sufficient intake of calcium during pregnancy and lactation.

Biography:

Fei Ling Wu has her expertise in evaluation and passion in improving the diabetic care. She constructed a hypoglycemia problem-solving scale based on the theory of social problem solving. At the same time, the concept of problem solving is also applied to topics related to diabetes care. In the future, she will also actively improve her effectiveness in helping people with diabetes manage their hypoglycemia-related problems.

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop the problem-solving training program based on the theories of social problem solving and to evaluate the longitudinal effects on problem-solving orientation, problem-solving ability, emotional adaptation and glycated hemoglobin for diabetics with hypoglycemia.

Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental study design. Sixty-two people with type 2 diabetes from the metabolic clinics of medical center and regional hospitals in northern Taiwan were convenience sampling divided into an experimental and control group of thirty and thirty-two participants, respectively. Both groups were assessed at four separate times periods, including the pre-test, post-test 1 (1rd month), post-test 2 (3th month) and post-test 3 (6th month). The experimental group received a 12-week problem-solving training program, which included: problem-solving brochure education, problem-solving skills guidance, teaching blood glucose self-monitoring and 6-12 phone call follow ups (of 10-20 minutes each). The control group received a self-regulation manual only. Hypoglycemia Problem Solving Scale, Disease-Associated Negative Mood Scale and HbA1c were used in this study to measure differences between pre- and posttest values. The statistical analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, one-way ANOVA, pair-t test and repeated-measures two-way ANOVA.

Results: The result showed that problem-solving ability; emotional adaptation and glycated hemoglobin scores were significantly improved by after the problem-solving training program group intervention. On the 3th month after intervention, we found a significant difference between the two groups in terms of problem-solving ability and HbA1c.

Conclusion: Applying problem-solving skills, patients take initiative to identify and seek possible strategies to solve their problems, alleviate diabetic issues and achieving self-management.

Biography:

Pablo Balino received his Bachelor’s degree in Biology from the University of Valencia, Master’s in basic and applied Neurosciences by the University of Valencia, and PhD in Biology from Jaume I University. During the doctorate, his main line of research has focused on the study of the neuroenzymatic mechanisms of brain metabolism of ethanol, as well as its behavioral repercussion. During this period, and supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Technology. He completed a 1-year stay at the Center for Alcohol Studies (Rutgers University, New Jersey). After the doctorate, he is awarded with a postdoctoral fellowship belonging to the prestigious European Marie Curie program, becoming a research member of the NEUROACT consortium "A collaborative training program to develop multi-electrode array (MEA) platforms to understand synaptic function and treat diseases of the nervous system ".  He is currently a research fellow in the group of neural systems within the area of physiology at the University Jaume I

Abstract:

Background: Alcohol abuse is common in people with sedentary lifestyles, unbalanced diets and metabolic syndrome (MS). Both, alcohol abuse and MS have negative effects on the CNS inducing cognitive impairment and impaired brain oxidative status. Considering that a few studies have focused on the combined effects of both conditions in the brain, the aim of this work is to elucidate the effects of alcohol intake in a mouse model of MS, at the behavioral and biochemical level.

Methodology: Control (B6.V-Lep ob/+ JRj) and MS (B6.V-Lep ob/obJRj) male mice aging 4 weeks were used in the study, divided in four groups: control (C), ethanol (E), obese (Ob), obese-ethanol (Ob-E). 10% ethanol consumption model was used for 6 weeks. Basal glycemia, insulinemia and a glucose overload test were evaluated at the end of the study. An object recognition test was used to assess short- and long-term memory. The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed in mice cortex samples.

Results: No significant differences were found among groups in long- and short-term memory. No significant differences between C and E group were found in the basal glycemia and the glucose overload test. However, the Ob group presented a significant increase in both parameters when compared to the C and E groups. These values were significantly decreased in the Ob-E group when compared to Ob group. Insulinemia was increase in both, Ob and Ob-E when compared to C and E groups. The activity of GPX was burst in the E, Ob and Ob-E groups when compared to C animals. No significant differences were observed in MDA concentration.

Conclusion: Four weeks of ethanol administration do not induce significant behavioral or biochemical brain impairments in Ob mice, although it was able to modulate glucose metabolism.